Caracterización, razones y vínculos de la emigración calificada reciente de uruguayas y uruguayos a Brasil. Período 2000-2010

Esta tesis explora las características de la población dc uruguayos calificados emigrados a Brasil cn el período 2000-2010. Su objetivo es comprender las razones de esta emigración reciente, las redes y vínculos que genera y que sostienen el evento emigratorio así como cuáles son las expectativas y condiciones nccesarias para un posible retorno al Uruguay. A través de una metodología cualitativa se pretende abordar la importancia de las expectativas y el rol de las redes personales, familiares, sociales y organizacionales. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario y/o entrevistas a profundidad a un total de 63 uruguayos radicados en Brasil de diversas áreas del conocimiento y en múltiples ámbitos ocupacionales. Las principales conclusiones son: que las personas que emigran hacia Brasil lo hacen en términos generales debido a la insatisfacción de sus expectativas. Esta insatisfacción está relacionada con las condiciones en las que realizaban su trabajo en el Uruguay; es decir multiempleo, alta carga horaria, bajos salarios, inestabilidad laboral; no debido a que no tuviesen empleo o que no les gustase lo que hacían. Asimismo, las instituciones en las que estaban insertos no cumplían sus expectativas respecto a las posibilidades de formación y de crecimiento profesional y persona

Actualización en técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal

El fracaso renal agudo afecta a un 25% de los pacientes hospitalizados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. A pesar de los avances tecnológicos, la mortalidad de estos pacientes sigue siendo elevada debido a las complicaciones asociadas. Uno de los tratamientos del fracaso renal agudo son las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal ya que permiten tratar las complicaciones y disminuir la mortalidad. El conocimiento y la habilidad de la enfermera en relación con estas técnicas serán decisivos para el éxito de la terapia. Para ello, la formación y la experiencia de la enfermera son el componente clave. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo actualizar los conocimientos sobre las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de los principios físico-químicos, como la difusión y la convección, entre otros, una descripción de las modalidades de las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal, una presentación de los principales accesos vasculares y una descripción de los cuidados enfermeros y de las complicaciones relacionadas con las técnicas utilizadas

Efeito deletério de extratos de acácia sobre o desenvolvimento larvar de Haemonchus contortus.

Haemonchus contortus, endoparasita responsável por danos fisiológicos e nutricionais em pequenos ruminantes, costuma causar diversos problemas, dentre eles anemia, por se tratar de um parasita hematófago, diminuição da resistência imunológica, e consequente queda de produtividade quantitativa e qualitativa de carne, leite e lã

Latent Patient Network Learning for Automatic Diagnosis

Recently, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) has proven to be a powerful machine learning tool for Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) and disease prediction. A key component in these models is to build a population graph, where the graph adjacency matrix represents pair-wise patient similarities. Until now, the similarity metrics have been defined manually, usually based on meta-features like demographics or clinical scores. The definition of the metric, however, needs careful tuning, as GCNs are very sensitive to the graph structure. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time in the CADx domain that it is possible to learn a single, optimal graph towards the GCN's downstream task of disease classification. To this end, we propose a novel, end-to-end trainable graph learning architecture for dynamic and localized graph pruning. Unlike commonly employed spectral GCN approaches, our GCN is spatial and inductive, and can thus infer previously unseen patients as well. We demonstrate significant classification improvements with our learned graph on two CADx problems in medicine. We further explain and visualize this result using an artificial dataset, underlining the importance of graph learning for more accurate and robust inference with GCNs in medical applications

Isolation of a potently neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibody targeting yellow fever virus

Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes sporadic outbreaks of infection in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. While live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccines based on three substrains of 17D are considered some of the most effective vaccines in use, problems with production and distribution have created large populations of unvaccinated, vulnerable individuals in areas of endemicity. To date, specific antiviral therapeutics have not been licensed for human use against YFV or any other related flavivirus. Recent advances in monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology have allowed the identification of numerous candidate therapeutics targeting highly pathogenic viruses, including many flaviviruses. Here, we sought to identify a highly neutralizing antibody targeting the YFV envelope (E) protein as a therapeutic candidate. We used human B cell hybridoma technology to isolate mAbs from circulating memory B cells from human YFV vaccine recipients. These antibodies bound to recombinant YFV E protein and recognized at least five major antigenic sites on E. Two mAbs (designated YFV-136 and YFV-121) recognized a shared antigenic site and neutralized the YFV-17D vaccine strai

A systematic molecular and pharmacologic evaluation of AKT inhibitors reveals new insight into their biological activity.

Background AKT, a critical effector of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling cascade, is an intensely pursued therapeutic target in oncology. Two distinct classes of AKT inhibitors have been in clinical development, ATP-competitive and allosteric. Class-specific differences in drug activity are likely the result of differential structural and conformational requirements governing efficient target binding, which ultimately determine isoform-specific potency, selectivity profiles and activity against clinically relevant AKT mutant variants.Methods We have carried out a systematic evaluation of clinical AKT inhibitors using in vitro pharmacology, molecular profiling and biochemical assays together with structural modelling to better understand the context of drug-specific and drug-class-specific cell-killing activity.Results Our data demonstrate clear differences between ATP-competitive and allosteric AKT inhibitors, including differential effects on non-catalytic activity as measured by a novel functional readout. Surprisingly, we found that some mutations can cause drug resistance in an isoform-selective manner despite high structural conservation across AKT isoforms. Finally, we have derived drug-class-specific phosphoproteomic signatures and used them to identify effective drug combinations.Conclusions These findings illustrate the utility of individual AKT inhibitors, both as drugs and as chemical probes, and the benefit of AKT inhibitor pharmacological diversity in providing a repertoire of context-specific therapeutic options

Estudo comparativo da atividade anti-helmíntica de óleos essenciais de Piper sobre o nematoide parasita de ovinos, Haemonchus contortus.

20 a 22 nov. SBOE. e-Pôster. Ref. 68

Avaliação do óleo essencial de Schinus lentiscifolius frente a eclodibilidade de ovos do parasita gastrointestinal Haemonchus contortus.

Haemonchus contortus é o nematódeo de maior prevalência na ovinocultura e devido ao seu hábito hematófago é responsável pelas maiores perdas no que diz respeito à essa atividade

Anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in Brazil: concordance of in vivo and in vitro (RESISTA-Test©) methods.

This study evaluated the resistance status of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through comparison between the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and the larval development test (LDT). For the FECRT, 35 sheep were selected in each of five flocks and divided into groups treated with: benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin, monepantel and control. Feces were collected for EPG and fecal cultures. The LDT was performed using thiabendazole (TBZ), levamisole (LEV), ivermectin aglycone (IVM-A) and Zolvix (ZLV). Resistance to all drugs was detected using FECRT in 100% of the flocks, except in relation to ZLV (40% resistant and 20% suspected of resistance). LDT indicated resistance to TBZ and IVM-A in all flocks, to LEV in 80% of flocks and to ZLV in 10%. Total agreement was obtained between the two tests for TBZ and IVM (k = 1.0), while for LEV (k = 0.8) and ZLV (k = 0.9), substantial and almost perfect agreement were obtained, respectively. The concordance between the tests was significant, thus showing that it is possible to use the outcome of the LDT to predict the FECRT, and hence validating the former as a fast diagnostic test for use by sheep farmers in Brazil